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3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(2): 211-215, feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115778

ABSTRACT

Background: Mediation in healthcare is a non-adversarial process to resolve a dispute risen between patients and health providers during medical attention Aim: To characterize the mediation process taking place in the public health system in Chile, from its start until 2017. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Under the Transparency Law, information about mediation processes between 2005 and 2017 was requested to the State Defense Council (CDE in its Spanish acronym). This data was complemented with the information available on the website of this agency. Results: Ninety four percent of the complaints filed at the CDE were deemed eligible for mediation. Only 19% of the concluded cases led to an agreement between the disputing parties. The agreements reached were mostly monetary compensation, medical assistance, and apologies/explanation of the facts. The average amount of compensation reached $14,862,088 (Chilean pesos). The most commonly claimed damage resulting from medical care was partial disability. The medical specialties more often claimed were Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Surgery, and Internal Medicine. Conclusions: The analysis of conducted mediations is a source of feedback for healthcare staff and health institutions. It would greatly contribute to prevent possible damage and medical conflicts, specially within the specialties with the most complaints. Improvements to the existing legislation are required to ensure free access for all the population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Negotiating , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dissent and Disputes , Obstetrics
4.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 13(3): 350-356, set. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012435

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El odontólogo juega un papel relevante en la acreditación o constatación de lesiones, especialmente si cumple labores en servicios de urgencia. Esta primera evaluación es fundamental para que el perito en lesionología forense del Servicio Médico Legal (SML) se pronuncie posteriormente respecto del pronóstico médico legal de las lesiones, señalando el tiempo que demorarán en sanar o la incapacidad laboral que generan, además de vincularlas causalmente con los hechos delictivos investigados. Se presenta información actualizada sobre el proceso de constatación de lesiones, el informe de lesiones en la legislación chilena y la participación que le cabe al cirujano dentista. La preparación de un correcto informe médicolegal de lesiones es un acto médico que no se puede delegar a otro miembro del personal de salud que no sea el profesional médico tratante. Todo cirujano dentista debe tener la capacidad de generar un primer informe de lesiones apropiado a las exigencias legales y éticas que la sociedad exige. La ley expresa la posibilidad de citar a un juicio oral, en calidad de testigo, al profesional que haya confeccionado un informe médicolegal de lesiones (constatación de lesiones), con el propósito de dar testimonio de manera directa, explicando desde un punto de vista profesional lo registrado.


ABSTRACT: The general dentist plays a major role in ascertaining and verifying injuries, especially if he or she, works in an emergency department. The initial evaluation is fundamental for the forensic dentist in order to subsequently state a prognosis of the injuries sustained, indicating how long they will take to heal, and the disability related to time away from employment. Further, it is the forensic dentist´s responsibility to evaluate and relate cause of injuries with the criminal offenses being investigated. In this study, updated information about the process is presented of medical injury verification, the injuries report in the Chilean legislation, and the participation of the dentist. The correct preparation of a forensic report of injuries is a medical responsibility that cannot be delegated to another member of the healthcare staff. All dentists must have the ability to generate a first report of injuries, according to society's legal and ethical requirements. The law states that the professional who completes a forensic report of injuries, can be summoned to trial as a witness, with the purpose of providing direct testimony, and objectively explain what he/she observed in that specific case.


Subject(s)
Humans , Forensic Dentistry/methods , Maxillofacial Injuries/etiology , Maxillofacial Injuries/epidemiology , Chile , Legislation
5.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 13(3): 367-373, set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012438

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los datos epidemiológicos y jurídicos de los casos por responsabilidad médica fallados por la Corte Suprema de Justicia chilena (CSJ) el año 2017, para relevar los escenarios de alto riesgo, aportando a su prevención. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, revisando los fallos de la CSJ en la base de datos electrónica del Poder Judicial chileno. Se seleccionaron y analizaron los fallos por responsabilidad médica. Se detectó un total de 61 casos por responsabilidad médica que alcanzaron la CSJ en 2017. Todos correspondieron a causas civiles. La duración promedio de los juicios fue 41,9 meses. La especialidad más demandada y condenada fue ginecología. La mayoría de las demandas y condenas afectó al Sistema Público de salud. Los casos que dan origen a las demandas son, en su mayoría, de atención de urgencias por sobre las programadas, y de tratamiento por sobre procedimientos quirúrgicos. El 54,8 % de los casos resultaron en la muerte del paciente. La mitad de los fallos condenatorios involucraba el fallecimiento del usuario afectado. Se deben investigar los factores de riesgo no sólo de la ocurrencia de mal-praxis, si no de la judicialización de los conflictos médico-paciente, especialmente en el área gineco-obstétrica, incluyendo los casos de instancias anteriores a la CSJ. Se debe investigar así mismo los factores de riesgo para la mayor propensión de los profesionales de sexo masculino de ser demandados y condenados por malpraxis médica.


ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study is to characterize the epidemiologic and juridical data for medical malpractice cases ruled by the Chilean Supreme Court (CSC) in 2017, to highlight the high risk scenarios, as a contribution to their prevention. A search of the CSC electronic database was conducted to identify and analyze CSC rulings for medical malpractice cases. In this study 61 malpractice cases ruled by CSC were identified. The CSC received only civil cases of medical malpractices during the studied period. The average duration of the trial was 41.9 months. Gynecologists faced suits and received sentences more frequently than any other type of specialist. The majority of prosecuted cases and convictions were associated with the public health system. A greater number of claims were related to emergency care than with scheduled procedures. Likewise, more claims were associated with non-surgical treatment than with surgical procedures. 54.8 % of all cases resulted in the patient's death. Half of the cases that lead to conviction, were related to the death of a patient. Risk factors should be investigated, not only of the occurrence of malpractice, but also of the judicial process of doctor-patient conflicts, especially in the obstetrics and gynecology area, including the analysis of cases of prior judicial instances. The risk factors for the higher propensity of male professionals to be prosecuted and convicted for medical malpractice should also be investigated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Defensive Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Dentistry , Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Compensation and Redress/legislation & jurisprudence , Jurisprudence , Medicine
6.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(3): 274-279, Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-975745

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de las instituciones y el equipo de investigación y docencia que imparten Odontología Legal (OL) a nivel pregrado en Chile. Estudio cualitativo realizado durante el 2017. Desde las páginas web institucionales de las universidades que imparten la carrera de odontología en Chile, se obtuvo información sobre el cuerpo docente del ramo de OL a nivel pregrado. Cuando la información no estuvo disponible, se solicitó vía correo electrónico. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones chilenas sobre OL y Forense en las bases de datos Medline, SciELO, Lilacs y Cochrane, y se identificó aquellas realizadas por docentes ejerciendo en Chile. La asignatura de OL se imparte a nivel pregrado en 17 de las 21 universidades que imparten la carrera de Odontología, siendo un curso obligatorio en 16 de ellas, y electivo en una de ellas. De los 29 docentes que imparten el ramo a nivel pregrado en Chile, sólo tres tiene la especialidad de OL. Se encontraron sólo 28 publicaciones científicas en el área en los últimos diez años, cuya autoría corresponde a cinco de los docentes del ramo a nivel pregrado. En Chile, la docencia de OL, a nivel pregrado, es impartida mayoritariamente por cirujano-dentistas no especializados en el área, en concordancia con que la especialidad comenzó a impartirse en el año 2015. Es imperioso aumentar la investigación en OL entre los docentes, de manera de desarrollar el área a nivel universitario, aumentando el conocimiento en la disciplina y consolidándola como ciencia.


ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the universities and the research and education teams imparting "Forensic Odontology" at undergraduate level in Chile. A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017. Information was sought from the institutional websites of universities that impart Dentistry degrees. When the information was not available, it was requested via email to the respective authorities. A search was conducted to identify Chilean publications that deal with the topic of forensic dentistry, in the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases. Those authored or co-authored by academic(s) teaching in Chile were identified. "Forensic Odontology" is taught at undergraduate level in 17 of the 21 universities that impart the career of Dentistry in Chile, being mandatory in 16 of schools, and an elective in one of them. Of the 29 academics who teach the subject at undergraduate level in Chile, only three have the specialty of OL. Only 28 scientific publications in the area were found in the last ten years, whose authorships correspond to five academics in the field, teaching at undergraduate level. In Chile, "Forensic Odontology" at the undergraduate level, is mainly imparted by dental surgeons not specialized in the subject, in accordance with the fact that the specialty began to be taught in Chile only in 2015. It is imperative to increase the amount of research in forensic odontology conducted by the academics, in order to develop the area at the university level, to improve knowledge in this discipline and consolidate it as a science.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Dental/methods , Forensic Dentistry/education , Forensic Dentistry/methods , Professional Competence/standards , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Research/methods
7.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(2): 194-199, jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-954264

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el Código de Ética propuesto recientemente por el Colegio de Cirujano Dentistas de Chile a la luz de la revisión de otros códigos profesionales odontológicos vigentes en otros países del mundo, discutiendo los temas que son más frecuentemente regulados en ellos, en lo referente a la relación del odontólogo con sus pares y con la sociedad en su conjunto. Se realizó una búsqueda en páginas web de acceso público de los Códigos de Ética Odontológica de Chile, Unión Europea, Estados Unidos, Australia y algunos países latinoamericanos. Se identificó, clasificó, seleccionó y analizó los temas considerados más relevantes: relación laboral con colegas y personal de apoyo, interconsultas, denuncia de mal praxis y ejercicio ilegal, rol como perito, colegiación, publicidad, y liderazgo y rol social. Se encontró que varios temas importantes y controversiales no son tratados en profundidad en los distintos Códigos de Ética Profesional revisados, incluyendo el chileno. El respeto, la colaboración, la responsabilidad y la autorregulación profesional parecen ser las claves para el desarrollo integral y sustentable de nuestra profesión.


ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to analyze the Code of Ethics recently proposed by the Chilean Dental Association, after studying other professional odontological codes currently in force in different countries of the world, discussing the most commonly regulated topics concerning the relationship between dentist and his peers, and with society as a whole. The Dental Codes of Ethics from Chile, the European Union, the United States, Australia, and some Latin-American countries were searched in websites with open access. The most relevant topics were identified, classified, selected and analyzed: working relationship between colleagues and with support staff, inter-consultation, reporting malpractice, illegal exercise of the profession, role as an expert witness, association, publicity, and leadership and social role. It was found that many important and controversial topics were not discussed in depth in the different examined Codes of Ethics, including the Chilean. Respect, collaboration, responsibility, and self-professional regulation seem to be the key for the integral and sustainable development of our profession.


Subject(s)
Humans , Codes of Ethics , Ethics, Dental , Professional Competence , Social Responsibility , Societies, Dental , Chile , Professionalism/ethics
8.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 11(4): 419-424, dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893283

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el Código de Ética propuesto recientemente por el Colegio de Cirujano Dentistas de Chile a la luz de la revisión de los códigos vigentes en otros países del mundo, discutiendo los temas que son más frecuentemente regulados en ellos, en lo referente a la relación médico-paciente. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en páginas web de acceso público de los Códigos de Ética Odontológica de Chile, Unión Europea, Estados Unidos, Australia y algunos países latinoamericanos. Se realizó la dentificación, clasificación, selección y análisis de los temas considerados más relevantes. En lo referido a la relación odontólogo-paciente, los temas seleccionados fueron: consentimiento informado, confidencialidad y secreto profesional, discriminación en la atención, atenciones de urgencia, aplicación de estándares de calidad actualizados, y especialización. Existen grandes diferencias en cuanto a la profundidad al tratar cada uno de los temas y en el alcance de las normas dictadas. Creemos que estas diferencias podrían deberse, por un lado, a la diversidad sociocultural de los países de la muestra analizada y, por otro, a las distintas legislaciones existentes sobre estos temas en cada uno de los países de la muestra.


ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to analyze the new Code of Ethics recently presented by the Chilean Colegio de Cirujano Dentistas, in light of the results obtained in the revision of the Codes of other countries, focusing on the doctor-patient relationship. Search and obtain from public websites, the Codes of Ethics from the European Union, the United States, Australia and some Latin American countries. Identification, classification, selection and analysis of the most relevant topics. Regarding the dentist-patient relationship, the selected topics were: Informed consent, confidentiality and professional secrecy, discrimination in care, emergency care, application of up-to-date quality standards and specialization. We observed important differences in regards to the depth in which each topic is covered, and the scope of the established norms. We believe that these differences may arise as a result, on the one hand, of the sociocultural diversity of the analyzed countries and, on the other hand, of the different legislations that these countries may have in place on those topics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dentist-Patient Relations , Ethics, Dental , Practice Management, Dental/ethics , Chile , Ethics, Research , Informed Consent , Interprofessional Relations/ethics
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